Kaplan I, Halitschke R, Kessler A, Sardanelli S, Denno RF. Constitutive and induced defenses to herbivory in above- and belowground plant tissues. Ecology. 2008;89(2):392–406.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Massey FP, Ennos AR, Hartley SE. Herbivore specific induction of silica-based plant defences. Oecologia. 2007;152(4):677–83.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Vicari M, Bazely DR. Do grasses fight back? The case for antiherbivore defences. Trends Ecol Evol. 1993;8(4):137–41.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Hartley SE, DeGabriel JL. The ecology of herbivore-induced silicon defences in grasses. Funct Ecol. 2016;30(8):1311–22.
Article
Google Scholar
Ye M, Song Y, Long J, Wang R, Baerson SR, Pan Z, Zhu-Salzman K, Xie J, Cai K, Luo S, et al. Priming of jasmonate-mediated antiherbivore defense responses in rice by silicon. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2013;110(38):E3631–9.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Epstein E. Silicon. Annu Rev Plant Physiol Plant Mol Biol. 1999;50(1):641–64.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Hodson MJ, White PJ, Mead A, Broadley MR. Phylogenetic variation in the silicon composition of plants. Ann Bot. 2005;96(6):1027–46.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Takahashi E, Ma J, Miyake Y. The possibility of silicon as an essential element for higher plants. Comments Agric Food Chem. 1990;2(2):99–102.
CAS
Google Scholar
Cooke J, Leishman MR. Tradeoffs between foliar silicon and carbon-based defences: evidence from vegetation communities of contrasting soil types. Oikos. 2012;121(12):2052–60.
Article
Google Scholar
Frew A, Powell JR, Sallam N, Allsopp PG, Johnson SN. Trade-offs between silicon and phenolic defenses may explain enhanced performance of root herbivores on phenolic-rich plants. J Chem Ecol. 2016;42(8):768–71.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Debona D, Rodrigues FA, Datnoff LE. Silicon’s role in abiotic and biotic plant stresses. Annu Rev Phytopathol. 2017;55:4.1–4.23.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
McNaughton SJ, Tarrants JL. Grass leaf silicification: natural selection for an inducible defense against herbivores. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1983;80(3):790–1.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Quigley KM, Anderson TM. Leaf silica concentration in Serengeti grasses increases with watering but not clipping: insights from a common garden study and literature review. Front Plant Sci. 2014;5:568.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Kindomihou V, Sinsin B, Meerts P. Effect of defoliation on silica accumulation in five tropical fodder grass species in Benin. Belgian J Bot. 2006;139(1):87–102.
Google Scholar
Ma JF, Yamaji N, Tamai K, Mitani N. Genotypic difference in silicon uptake and expression of silicon transporter genes in rice. Plant Physiol. 2007;145(3):919–24.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
McLarnon E, McQueen-Mason S, Lenk I, Hartley SE. Evidence for active uptake and deposition of Si-based defenses in tall fescue. Front Plant Sci. 2017;8:1199.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Exley C. A possible mechanism of biological silicification in plants. Front Plant Sci. 2015;6:853.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Ma JF, Yamaji N. Silicon uptake and accumulation in higher plants. Trends Plant Sci. 2006;11(8):392–7.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Chiew FHS, Young WJ, Cai W, Teng J. Current drought and future hydroclimate projections in southeast Australia and implications for water resources management. Stoch Environ Res Risk Assess. 2011;25(4):601–12.
Article
Google Scholar
IPCC. Climate Change 2007: the physical science basis, contribution of working group I to the fourth assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change: Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA; 2007.
Mokany K, Ferrier S. Predicting impacts of climate change on biodiversity: a role for semi-mechanistic community-level modelling. Divers Distrib. 2011;17(2):374–80.
Article
Google Scholar
Knapp AK, Fay PA, Blair JM, Collins SL, Smith MD, Carlisle JD, Harper CW, Danner BT, Lett MS, McCarron JK. Rainfall variability, carbon cycling, and plant species diversity in a mesic grassland. Science. 2002;298(5601):2202–5.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Jamieson MA, Trowbridge AM, Raffa KF, Lindroth RL. Consequences of climate warming and altered precipitation patterns for plant-insect and multitrophic interactions. Plant Physiol. 2012;160(4):1719–27.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Eneji AE, Inanaga S, Muranaka S, Li J, Hattori T, An P, Tsuji W. Growth and nutrient use in four grasses under drought stress as mediated by silicon fertilizers. J Plant Nutr. 2008;31(2):355–65.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Kvedaras OL, Keeping MG, Goebel FR, Byrne MJ. Water stress augments silicon-mediated resistance of susceptible sugarcane cultivars to the stalk borer Eldana saccharina (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Bull Entomol Res. 2007;97(2):175–83.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Ryalls JMW, Moore BD, Johnson SN, Connor M, Hiltpold I. Root responses to domestication, precipitation and silicification: weeping meadow grass simplifies and alters toughness. Plant Soil. 2018;427(1–2):291–304.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Mitchell M, Stodart B, Virgona J. Genetic diversity within a population of Microlaena stipoides, as revealed by AFLP markers. Aust J Bot. 2014;62(7):580–6.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Johnson SN, Hartley SE. Elevated carbon dioxide and warming impact silicon and phenolic-based defences differently in native and exotic grasses. Glob Change Biol. 2018;24(9):3886–96.
Article
Google Scholar
Johnson SN, Lopaticki G, Barnett K, Facey SL, Powell JR, Hartley SE. An insect ecosystem engineer alleviates drought stress in plants without increasing plant susceptibility to an aboveground herbivore. Funct Ecol. 2016;30(6):894–902.
Article
Google Scholar
Rayment GE, Lyons DJ. Soil chemical methods: Australasia, vol. 3. Collingwood: CSIRO publishing; 2011.
Google Scholar
Hiltpold I, Demarta L, Johnson SN, Moore BD, Power SA, Mitchell C. Silicon and other essential element composition in roots using X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy: a high throughput approach. In: Johnson SN, editor. Invertebrate Ecology of Australasian Grasslands: 2016. Hawkesbury: Western Sydney University; 2016. p. 191–6.
Google Scholar
R Core Team. R: a language and environment for statistical computing. Vienna: R Foundation for Statistical Computing; 2017.
Google Scholar
Pinheiro J, Bates D, DebRoy S, Sarkar D. nlme: linear and nonlinear mixed effects models. R package version 3.1–131. 2017. http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/nlme/index.html.
Hothorn T, Bretz F, Westfall P. Simultaneous inference in general parametric models. Biom J. 2008;50(3):346–63.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Wieczorek M, Zub K, Szafrańska PA, Książek A, Konarzewski M. Plant–herbivore interactions: silicon concentration in tussock sedges and population dynamics of root voles. Funct Ecol. 2015;29(2):187–94.
Article
Google Scholar
Khattab H. Roles of silicon in improving drought tolerance in plants. In: Tripathi D, Singh V, Ahmad P, Chauhan D, Prasad S, editors. Silicon in plants: advances and future prospects. Boca Raton: CRC Press; 2016. p. 265–97.
Chapter
Google Scholar
Gao X, Zou C, Wang L, Zhang F. Silicon improves water use efficiency in maize plants. J Plant Nutr. 2005;27(8):1457–70.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Kafi M, Rahimi Z. Effect of salinity and silicon on root characteristics, growth, water status, proline content and ion accumulation of purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.). Soil Sci Plant Nutr. 2011;57(2):341–7.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Rogers WE, Siemann E. Invasive ecotypes tolerate herbivory more effectively than native ecotypes of the Chinese tallow tree Sapium sebiferum. J Appl Ecol. 2004;41(3):561–70.
Article
Google Scholar
Gong HJ, Chen KM, Chen GC, Wang SM, Zhang CL. Effects of silicon on growth of wheat under drought. J Plant Nutr. 2003;26(5):1055–63.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Deshmukh R, Bélanger RR. Molecular evolution of aquaporins and silicon influx in plants. Funct Ecol. 2016;30(8):1277–85.
Article
Google Scholar
Power SA, Barnett KL, Ochoa-Hueso R, Facey SL, Gibson-Forty EVJ, Hartley SE, Nielsen UN, Tissue DT, Johnson SN. DRI-Grass: a new experimental platform for addressing grassland ecosystem responses to future precipitation scenarios in South-East Australia. Front Plant Sci. 2016;7:1373.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Ryalls JMW, Hartley SE, Johnson SN. Impacts of silicon-based grass defences across trophic levels under both current and future atmospheric CO2 scenarios. Biol Lett. 2017;13(3):1–5.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Waters C, Huxtable C, Whalley W. Microlaena stipoides (Microlaena). In: Williams JT, editor. Grassed up: guidelines for revegetating with Australian native grasses. Dubbo: NSW Agriculture; 2000. p. 59–61.
Google Scholar
Rizwan M, Ali S, Ibrahim M, Farid M, Adrees M, Bharwana SA, Zia-Ur-Rehman M, Qayyum MF, Abbas F. Mechanisms of silicon-mediated alleviation of drought and salt stress in plants: a review. Environ Sci Pollut Res. 2015;22(20):15416–31.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Epstein E. Silicon: its manifold roles in plants. Ann Appl Biol. 2009;155(2):155–60.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Cooke J, DeGabriel JL, Hartley SE. The functional ecology of plant silicon: geoscience to genes. Funct Ecol. 2016;30(8):1270–6.
Article
Google Scholar
Hjältén J. Simulating herbivory: problems and possibilities. In: Weisser WW, Siemann E, editors. Insects and ecosystem function, vol. 173., BerlinSpringer: Heidelberg; 2004. p. 243–55.
Chapter
Google Scholar
de Vries FT, Brown C, Stevens CJ. Grassland species root response to drought: consequences for soil carbon and nitrogen availability. Plant Soil. 2016;409(1):297–312.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Ryalls JMW, Moore BD, Johnson SN. Data from: Silicon uptake by a pasture grass experiencing simulated grazing is greatest under elevated precipitation. BMC Ecol. 2018. https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.7361378.v1.