Fig. 2

The expected number \(E(F^*)\) of fertilized ovules \(F^*\) (upper panel, framed by the standard deviation SD of \(F^*\)) is the product of the number of ovules F (lower x-axis) and the expected proportion of fertilized ovules \(E(P) = \left( 1{-}\frac{1}{h}\right) ^{wM}\) (lower panel), where \(M=(R{-}r_f{\cdot }F)/r_m\) is the number of pollen produced when F ovules are produced. The model parameters equal \(R = 5000\), \(r_f = 10\), \(r_m = 1\), \(w{=}1\), and \(h = 1000\) (for notation see Table 1). The scaling of the upper x-axis shows the sexual allocation \(\alpha\) corresponding to F on the lower x-axis. For both allocations \(\alpha _1\) and \(\alpha _2\), the expected number of fertilized ovules equals 150 (red lines)