Fig. 3

Contrast in biomass between treatment and control at the end of a temperature (spring 2010 left) and rainfall (summer 2009 right) manipulation period, expressed as log-response ratio. Negative values indicate a negative treatment effect, 0 indicates no difference between treatment and control. Lines types and letters refer to land-use types (where “b” stands for “both”, i.e. “mown pastures”), grey shades represent the three different exploratories. In spring, species richness had a small but significant effect, while neither land-use type, exploratory nor their interaction(s) were significant. In summer, the three-way interaction of species richness, land-use type and exploratory was significant (see Table 3)