Figure 3

Simulated random networks. Behavior of specialization measures in simulated random networks. Each point represents one matrix with random associations, based on specific row and column totals that follow a lognormal distribution. The size of squared matrices in (A) increased from 2 × 2 to 200 × 200. In (B), only the number of rows changed, while the number of columns was fixed at 20, rectangular matrices thus increased from 2 × 20 to 200 × 20. In (C), the network size was fixed at 20 × 20. The total number of interactions (m) increased with matrix size in (A), where each species had on average 20 individuals. In (B), m was fixed at 4000, resulting in a reduced interaction density for larger matrices. In (C), m increased from 20 to 4000. The index H₂' and connectance C are specialization measures of the whole matrix and thus reciprocal, while the average number of links ($\overline{L}$), and weighted mean standardized Kullback-Leibler distance (<d'>) are given for all columns (rows give a similar pattern).