Individual quality explains association between plumage colouration, arrival dates and mate acquisition in yellow warblers (Setophaga petechia)

Table 2 Breeding location, sex and age impacts on tail and greater covert colour

Feather	Variable	r²	Model	β	SE	F	P
Tail	Hue	0.25	Intercept	52.42	0.12
			Location _Revelstoke	1.09	0.13	70.83	<0.001
			Sex _male	0.71	0.13	29.49	<0.001
			Age _SY	-0.37	0.14	6.8	0.009
			Location*Sex	-	-	1.12	0.29
			Location*Age	-	-	0.8	0.37
			Sex*Age	-	-	1.44	0.23
Tail	Chroma	0.48	Intercept	49.08	0.77
			Location _Revelstoke	6.42	0.77	69.38	<0.001
			Sex _male	11.49	0.91	-	<0.001
			Age _SY	-1.14	1.06	-	-
			Location*Sex	-	-	0.92	0.34
			Location*Age	-	-	0.09	0.76
			Sex:Age	-3.95	1.73	5.19	0.02
GC	Hue	0.42	Intercept	51.07	0.12
			Location _Revelstoke	0.39	0.14	-	-
			Sex _male	1.45	0.14	-	-
			Age _SY	-0.14	0.18	-	-
			Location*Sex	-	-	1.69	0.19
			Location*Age	-1.03	0.25	17.03	<0.001
			Sex*Age	0.56	0.27	4.43	0.04
GC	Chroma	0.59	Intercept	48.82	0.78
			Location _Revelstoke	2.12	0.87	6.01	0.01
			Sex _male	16.75	0.87	372	<0.001
			Age _SY	-3.64	0.95	14.72	<0.001
			Location*Sex	-	-	1.94	0.16
			Location*Age	-	-	2.74	0.1
			Sex*Age	-	-	1.75	0.19

Summary of the effects of breeding location, sex and age on the colour (hue and chroma) of the yellow inner web of the third outer right tail rectrix and yellow edge of the greater covert (GC) collected from yellow warblers breeding in Revelstoke, B.C., and Inuvik, N.W.T. Beta values ± standard error are given for significant terms (in bold). The adjusted r² is presented for the model including only significant terms.

ISSN: 1472-6785