Figure 4From: The dynamics of male-male competition in Cardiocondyla obscurior antsMating and fighting behaviour of ergatoid males towards dark pupae in the ant Cardiocondyla obscurior. Ergatoid males performed copulation attempts towards dark female sexual and winged male pupae, which were close to emergence. Sporadic biting and smearing was observed against ergatoid male pupae and also against winged male pupae.Back to article page