Table 2 Values of δ18O and δ13C of South American fossil Equus (Amerhippus).
Species name (age) | Specimen | Skeletal | Altitude | Locality (country) | Latitude | d13C (CO3) | d18O (PO4) | d18O (CO3) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
number | tissue | m.asl. | ‰ PDB | ‰ V-SMOW | ‰ V-SMOW | |||
Equus sp. (Late Pl)* | UCMP.38100 | e | 440 | La Venta (Co) | 3N | -0.7 | 29.9 | |
Equus sp. (Late Pl)* | ING 184268 | e | 440 | La Venta (Co) | 3N | -2.2 | 32.4 | |
E. insulatus (Middle Pl) | V.543 | b | 2500 | Rio Chiche (Ec) | 0 | -5.7 | 13.6 | 23.5 |
E. insulatus (Middle Pl) | V.542 | t | 2500 | Rio Chiche (Ec) | 0 | -4.8 | 16.7 | 25.1 |
E. insulatus (Middle Pl) | V.542 | b | 2500 | Rio Chiche (Ec) | 0 | -3.2 | 15.7 | 24.6 |
E. insulatus (Middle Pl) | V.544 | b | 2500 | Rio Chiche (Ec) | 0 | -5.8 | 15.5 | 24.3 |
E. andium (26 to 19 ka BP) | V.455 | b | 2778 | Alangasí (Ec) | 0 | -5.5 | 15.0 | 24.4 |
E. andium (26 to 19 ka BP) | V.430 | b | 2778 | Alangasí (Ec) | 0 | -6.9 | 13.1 | 23.3 |
E. andium (26 to 19 ka BP) | V.4014 | b | 2778 | Alangasí (Ec) | 0 | -6.3 | 14.8 | 23.0 |
E. andium (26 to 19 ka BP) | V.2495 | b | 2778 | Quebrada Colorada (Ec) | 2S | -6.2 | 14.3 | 23.9 |
E. andium (26 to 19 ka BP) | V.2417 | b | 2778 | Quebrada Colorada (Ec) | 2S | -6.7 | 11.3 | 22.0 |
E. andium (26 to 19 ka BP) | V.2163 | b | 2778 | Quebrada Colorada (Ec) | 2S | -5.8 | 13.2 | 21.7 |
E. andium (20 to 12 ka BP) | V.2161 | b | 2778 | Punín (Ec) | 2S | -9.9 | 14.3 | 25.2 |
E. andium (20 to 12 ka BP) | V.2152 | b | 2778 | Punín (Ec) | 2S | -5.8 | 11.4 | 23.8 |
E. andium (20 to 12 ka BP) | V.465 | b | 2778 | Punín (Ec) | 2S | -6.1 | 14.9 | 23.6 |
E. santaelenae (12 to 8 ka BP) | V.3037 | d | 0 | La Carolina (Ec) | 2S | 9.2 | 22.1 | 34.9 |
E. santaelenae (12 to 8 ka BP) | V.3037 | e | 0 | La Carolina (Ec) | 2S | 1.5 | 22.1 | 32.6 |
E. santaelenae (12 to 8 ka BP) | V.3037 | b | 0 | La Carolina (Ec) | 2S | 6.1 | 21.8 | 33.5 |
E. santaelenae (12 to 8 ka BP) | V.69 | b | 0 | La Carolina (Ec) | 2S | -1.5 | 21.3 | 32.0 |
E. santaelenae (12 to 8 ka BP)* | V-3037 | e | 0 | La Carolina (Ec) | 2S | 1.8 | 32.7 | |
E. santaelenae (12 to 8 ka BP)* | V-68 | e | 0 | La Carolina (Ec) | 2S | 5.4 | 33.6 | |
E. santaelenae (26 to 19 ka BP)* | F:AM 131869 | e | 0 | Salinas Oil Field (Ec) | 3S | -0.8 | 32.6 | |
E. santaelenae (26 to 19 ka BP)* | F:AM 131868 | e | 0 | Salinas Oil Field (Ec) | 3S | 3.0 | 32.5 | |
E. santaelenae (26 to 19 ka BP)* | ROM.3471C | e | 85 | Talara Tar Pit (Peru) | 5S | 2.1 | 27.0 | |
E. neogeus(26 to 19 ka BP)* | uncatalogued | e | 200 | Ourolandia (Br) | 12S | 1.1 | 29.5 | |
E. neogeus(26 to 19 ka BP)* | uncatalogued | e | 200 | Ourolandia (Br) | 12S | 1.7 | 30.6 | |
E. neogeus(28 to 10 ka BP)* | UF.uncatalogued | e | 500 | Naupua-3 (Bo) | 21S | 0.2 | 31.1 | |
E. neogeus(28 to 10 ka BP)* | UF.uncatalogued | e | 500 | Naupua-1 (Bo) | 21S | 0.1 | 29.8 | |
E. insulatus (44 to 21 ka BP) | MACN 1501A | b | 1866 | Tarija (Bo) | 22S | -5.8 | 17.4 | 25.6 |
E. insulatus (44 to 21 ka BP) | MACN 1501B | t | 1866 | Tarija (Bo) | 22S | -5.0 | 20.9 | 26.2 |
E. insulatus (44 to 21 ka BP) | MACN 1509 | t | 1866 | Tarija (Bo) | 22S | -8.3 | 20.0 | 28.3 |
E. insulatus (44 to 21 ka BP)* | UF.uncatalogued | e | 1866 | Tarija (Bo) | 22S | -4.8 | 25.2 | |
E. insulatus (44 to 21 ka BP)* | UF.uncatalogued | e | 1866 | Tarija (Bo) | 22S | -2.9 | 24.4 | |
E. insulatus (44 to 21 ka BP)* | UF.uncatalogued | e | 1866 | Tarija (Bo) | 22S | -2.6 | 25.8 | |
E. insulatus (44 to 21 ka BP)* | UF.uncatalogued | e | 1866 | Tarija (Bo) | 22S | -2.3 | 26.4 | |
E. insulatus (44 to 21 ka BP)* | UF.90750 | e | 1866 | Tarija (Bo) | 22S | -2.9 | 26.2 | |
E. insulatus (44 to 21 ka BP)* | UF.90895 | e | 1866 | Tarija (Bo) | 22S | -3.5 | 23.5 | |
E. insulatus (44 to 21 ka BP)* | UF.90653 | e | 1866 | Tarija (Bo) | 22S | -4.1 | 26.8 | |
E. insulatus (44 to 21 ka BP)* | UF.90764 | e | 1866 | Tarija (Bo) | 22S | -4.1 | 24.2 | |
E. insulatus (44 to 21 ka BP)* | UF.91972 | e | 1866 | Tarija (Bo) | 22S | -2.7 | 24.9 | |
E. neogeus (28 to 10 ka BP) | MCNAM-PV-83 | e | 200 | La Banda (Ar) | 28S | -1.0 | 28.0 | |
E. neogeus(Late Pl)* | MLP.52.IX.29-91 | e | 10 | Esperanza, Santa Fé (Ar) | 32S | -0.8 | 30.8 | |
E. neogeus(Middle Pl)* | AMNH.11154 | e | 10 | Buenos Aires (Ar) | 35S | -10.7 | 30.8 | |
E. neogeus(Middle Pl)* | AMNH.11154 | e | 10 | Buenos Aires (Ar) | 35S | -10.3 | 30.6 | |
E. neogeus(Middle Pl)* | MLP.91.VI.5-1 | e | 50 | Magdalena (Ar) | 35S | -10.6 | 30.3 | |
E. neogeus (28 to 10 ka BP) | MACN 11636 | b | 10 | Luján (Ar) | 35S | -11.7 | 21.2 | 30.4 |
E. neogeus (28 to 10 ka BP) | MLP 6-402 | b | 10 | Luján (Ar) | 35S | -11.2 | 20.1 | 30.6 |
E. neogeus (Middle Pl) | MLP s/s | t | 10 | Cant. Vial. Prov.(Ar) | 35S | -7.5 | 21.2 | 30.5 |
E. neogeus (Middle Pl) | MLP s/s | b | 10 | Cant. Vial. Prov.(Ar) | 35S | -11.5 | 20.8 | 32.1 |
E. neogeus (28 to 10 ka BP) | MACN 6116 | t | 50 | Arroyo Tapalqué (Ar) | 38S | -8.5 | 17.3 | 29.8 |
E. neogeus (28 to 10 ka BP) | MACN 6116 | b | 50 | Arroyo Tapalqué (Ar) | 38S | -7.9 | 21.2 | 29.7 |
E. neogeus (28 to 10 ka BP) | MACN 9753 | e | 100 | Río Quequén Salado (Ar) | 38S | -9.9 | 21.3 | 30.5 |
E. neogeus (28 to 10 ka BP) | MACN 9753 | d | 100 | Río Quequén Salado (Ar) | 38S | -10.1 | 21.3 | 30.3 |
E. neogeus (28 to 10 ka BP) | MACN 9753 | b | 100 | Río Quequén Salado (Ar) | 38S | -8.0 | 20.4 | 29.8 |
E. neogeus (28 to 10 ka BP) | MACN 9751 | b | 100 | Río Quequén Salado (Ar) | 38S | -7.8 | 21.0 | 30.9 |
E. neogeus (28 to 10 ka BP) | MACN 9751 | d | 100 | Río Quequén Salado (Ar) | 38S | -8.3 | 22.9 | 31.4 |
E. neogeus (28 to 10 ka BP) | MLP 63-VI-1017 | b | 100 | Río Quequén Salado (Ar) | 38S | -9.0 | 20.7 | 30.3 |
E. neogeus(12.8 to 11.5 ka BP)* | MLP.52.X.5-3 | e | 100 | Rio Quequén Salado (Ar) | 38S | -8.5 | 30.7 | |
E. neogeus(12.8 to 11.5 ka BP)* | MLP.52.X.5-3 | e | 100 | Rio Quequén Salado (Ar) | 38S | -7.8 | 30.9 | |
E. neogeus (28 to 10 ka BP) | MLP s/s | t | 10 | P. Hermengo (Ar) | 38S | -7.2 | 20.1 | 29.7 |
E. neogeus (28 to 10 ka BP) | MLP 80-VIII-13-4 | b | 10 | Paso Otero (Ar) | 38S | -10.7 | 20.1 | 29.8 |
E. neogeus (28 to 10 ka BP) | MLP 80-VIII-13-63 | b | 10 | Paso Otero (Ar) | 38S | -11.0 | 18.4 | 29.8 |
E. neogeus (28 to 10 ka BP) | MLP.80.VIII.13-93 | e | 10 | Paso Otero (Ar) | 38S | -10.2 | 31.3 | |
E. neogeus (around 130 ka) | MLP s/s | t | 10 | Centinela Mar (Ar) | 38S | -10.0 | 19.1 | 30.3 |
E. neogeus (12.8 to 11.5 ka BP) | MACN 14417 | d | 10 | Zanjón Seco (Ar) | 38S | -11.4 | 20.3 | 29.3 |
E. neogeus (12.8 to 11.5 ka BP) | MACN 14417 | t | 10 | Zanjón Seco (Ar) | 38S | -10.4 | 21.1 | 29.1 |
E. neogeus (12.8 to 11.5 ka BP) | MACN 14417 | e | 10 | Zanjón Seco (Ar) | 38S | -10.5 | 21.2 | 30.7 |
E. neogeus (12.8 to 11.5 ka BP) | MACN 14417 | b | 10 | Zanjón Seco (Ar) | 38S | -10.9 | 19.9 | 29.7 |