|
Developmental stage
|
a ± SE, days−1a
|
b ± SE, (°C × days)−1a
|
LTT ± SE, °C
|
|---|
|
Early cleavages
|
− 0.2269 ± 0.02268
|
0.01479 ± 0.00087
|
15.3 ± 2.2
|
|
Late cleavages and germ band formation
|
− 0.0692 ± 0.01565
|
0.00608 ± 0.00060
|
11.4 ± 2.6
|
|
Germ band extension
|
− 0.2075 ± 0.02759
|
0.01245 ± 0.00106
|
16.7 ± 2.3
|
|
Germ band retraction
|
− 0.0495 ± 0.00561
|
0.00340 ± 0.00022
|
14.6 ± 2.2
|
|
Dorsal closure
|
− 0.0382 ± 0.00336
|
0.00281 ± 0.00013
|
13.6 ± 2.2
|
|
Hatching
|
− 0.1220 ± 0.01736
|
0.00776 ± 0.00067
|
15.7 ± 2.3
|
|
Total embryonic developmentb
|
− 0.0095 ± 0.00080
|
0.00067 ± 0.00003
|
14.2 ± 2.2
|
|
Boring into the seed
|
− 0.0335 ± 0.00288
|
0.00231 ± 0.00011
|
14.5 ± 2.2
|
|
Larval feeding and pupation
|
− 0.0793 ± 0.00199
|
0.00527 ± 0.00009
|
15.1 ± 0.4
|
|
Pupal stage
|
− 0.1607 ± 0.00478
|
0.01295 ± 0.00023
|
12.4 ± 0.6
|
- aRegression parameters with their standard errors were determined with ordinary linear regression (one observation per temperature, Fig. 2), except for the larval feeding and pupal periods where generalized least-squares models were fitted under restricted maximum likelihood to the entire datasets of individual developmental rates (Fig. 3). bIncludes all of the foregoing as well as final morphogenesis and sclerotization, the thermal responses of which were found to be nonlinear
