Stagewise resolution of temperature-dependent embryonic and postembryonic development in the cowpea seed beetle Callosobruchus maculatus (F.)

Table 1 Temperature-dependent embryonic and early larval development in Callosobruchus maculatus: median transition times (estimated using logistic regression analysis) and calculated durations of stages

Developmental stage	Median time of transition to next stage at five incubation temperatures, h from oviposition					Stage duration at five incubation temperatures, h
Developmental stage	19.8 °C	22.7 °C	25.6 °C	28.6 °C	31.7 °C	19.8 °C	22.7 °C	25.6 °C	28.6 °C	31.7 °C
Early cleavages up to 256 nuclei	14.10	10.25	6.28	5.17	4.11	14.10	10.25	6.28	5.17	4.11
Late cleavages and germ band formation	34.37	24.21	18.52	14.15	12.42	20.27	13.96	12.24	8.98	8.32
Germ band extension	54.63	39.16	28.03	21.09	17.52	20.26	14.95	9.51	6.94	5.10
Germ band retraction	107.90	75.33	57.06	41.63	34.51	53.27	36.18	29.03	20.54	16.99
Dorsal closure	167.85	115.20	85.78	64.89	54.66	59.95	39.87	28.73	23.26	20.15

	19.7 °C	22.6 °C	25.6 °C	28.8 °C	31.6 °C	19.7 °C	22.6 °C	25.6 °C	28.8 °C	31.6 °C
Final morphogenesis	211.32	134.54	105.34	80.57	68.81	43.47	19.34	19.56	15.69	14.15
Sclerotization	235.74	157.76	118.68	89.66	78.59	24.42	23.22	13.33	9.08	9.78
Hatching	269.90	177.72	130.58	99.12	87.09	34.15	19.96	11.91	9.47	8.50
Boring into the seed	351.53	229.27	172.34	129.15	112.20	81.63	51.55	41.76	30.03	25.12

Temperature values in bold refer to actual incubation temperatures which slightly differed from the set values of 20, 23, 26, 29, and 32 °C

ISSN: 1472-6785