From: Endozoochorous dispersal by herbivores and omnivores is mediated by germination conditions
 | Brown bear | Wild boar | Roe deer | Red deer | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
G | N | G | N | G | N | G | N | |
Sample size (spring, summer, autumn) | 64 (10, 11, 43) | 149 (25,73,51) | 50 (9, 20, 21) | 182 (46, 71, 65) | ||||
Mean weight of faeces (± SD) | 202.81 ± 128.55 | 87.79 ± 49.85 | 5.67 ± 2.21 | 60.84 ± 19.09 | ||||
Total number of seedlings dispersed | 268 | 153 | 1301 | 78 | 120 | 13 | 1053 | 90 |
Total number of species dispersed | 33 | 16 | 69 | 22 | 24 | 8 | 79 | 22 |
Chao2 estimator of species dispersed (± SD) | 43.7 ± 7.5 | 26.5 ± 10.1 | 107.0 ± 19.1 | 46.8 ± 24.0 | 28.6 ± 4.9 | 12 ± 4.7 | 115.1 ± 16.7 | 26.5 ± 4.2 |
Total number of genera dispersed | 29 | 14 | 55 | 19 | 23 | 7 | 59 | 18 |
Total number of families dispersed | 19 | 7 | 25 | 11 | 15 | 6 | 23 | 10 |
Top six plant taxa, in terms of total seedling abundance in faeces | Berberis sp. | Berberis sp. | Urtica dioica | Cerasus sp. | Portulaca oleracea | Convolvulus arvensis | Blitum virgatum | Polygonum lapathifolium |
Rubus sp. | Cerasus sp. | Cyperus fuscus | Sorbus torminalis | Sonchus oleraceous | Stellaria media | Polygonum lapathifolium | Poa masenderana | |
Crataegus sp. | Rubus sp. | Phleum paniculatum | Veronica beccabunga | Convolvulus arvensis | Poa nemoralis | Cyperus fuscus | Berberis sp. | |
Cerasus sp. | Sorbus torminalis | Aegilops tauschii | Poa masenderana | Echinochloa crus-galli | Cornus sanguinea | Portulaca oleracea | Stellaria media | |
Lonicera sp. | Rhamnus pallasii | Amaranthus blitoides | Rumex sanguineus | Apetiolata | Melilotus albus | Urtica dioica | Dysphania botrys | |
Rhamnus pallasii | Prunus divaricata | Blitum virgatum | Berberis sp. | Phleum paniculatum | Poa masenderana | Amaranthus blitoides | Clinopodium umbrosum |