Fig. 3

Effects of state-dependent mortality on expected fitness. a State-independent: \(d(y)=0.05\). b State-dependent: \(d(y)=0.1-0.002y\). c State-dependent: \(d(y)=0.002y\). The red line is the terminal fitness \(\Phi _{0}(y)\). The blue line is \(\Phi _{\tau }(y)\) when \(\tau =50\). Gray lines are \(\Phi _{\tau }(y)\) when \(\tau\) is between 1 and 49. \(\Phi _{\tau }(y)\) decreases monotonically with \(\tau\) such that the \(\tau\)th gray line below the red line is \(\Phi _{\tau }(y)\)