Skip to main content

Table 1 Summary of the GAMM-model fitted to the observed data showing the effects and their significance on hare densities

From: Habitat requirements of the European brown hare (Lepus europaeus Pallas 1778) in an intensively used agriculture region (Lower Saxony, Germany)

Parametric coefficients

Estimate

SE

t value

Pr(> |t|)

 

(Intercept)

2.866

0.045

63.588

< 2e−16

***

factor(year)2006

− 0.026

0.013

− 1.988

4.69E−02

*

factor(year)2007

− 0.164

0.014

− 11.903

< 2e−16

***

factor(year)2008

− 0.210

0.015

− 13.772

< 2e−16

***

factor(year)2009

− 0.244

0.016

− 15.266

< 2e−16

***

factor(year)2010

− 0.273

0.017

− 16.184

< 2e−16

***

factor(year)2011

− 0.290

0.018

− 16.330

< 2e−16

***

factor(year)2012

− 0.336

0.018

− 18.449

< 2e−16

***

factor(year)2013

− 0.376

0.018

− 20.796

< 2e−16

***

factor(year)2014

− 0.377

0.018

− 20.682

< 2e−16

***

Approximate significance of smooth

edf R

ef.df

F

p-value

 

s(maize)

3.568

3.568

17.780

5.22E−13

***

s(winter grain)

2.917

2.917

4.034

9.98E−03

**

s(grassland)

3.465

3.465

11.281

3.14E−08

***

s(woodland)

1.564

1.564

15.079

1.42E−05

***

s(precipitation)

3.780

3.780

5.298

2.28E−04

***

s(vixen with litter)

3.098

3.098

4.164

4.88E−03

**

s(sugar beet)

3.239

3.239

3.244

2.37E−02

*

s(winter oilseed rape)

1.000

1.000

11.454

7.20E−04

***

s(wildflower strips)

3.176

3.176

16.546

6.93E−11

***

s(Long, Lat)

8.006

8.006

5.599

4.17E−07

***

  1. The adjusted coefficient of determination was \({\text{R}}^{ 2}_{\text{adjusted}}\) = 0.42