Fig. 5
From: Classifying development stages of primeval European beech forests: is clustering a useful tool?
Stem position maps of the primeval forest of Mirdita. Circles mark coordinates of standing trees (green: alive; red: dead; radii proportional to diameter). Lines represent logs and green shaded areas outline regeneration patches (areas with a dense cover of trees with a diameter at breast height < 7 cm). The background raster images show results of a moving window (living tree volume) for an observation scale (window area) of 500 m2. a Results of a uniform kernel (equal weighting of all objects within the window), while for b a bivariate normal kernel was applied (weighting of objects by their distance to the window center)