Fig. 4

Seasonal flight patterns of chironomids: a, b response to environmental parameters of a aquatic species (RDA, axis 1 = 30.2%, axis 2 = 14.5% of total explained variance), and b terrestrial species (RDA, axis 1 = 25.4%, axis 2 = 21.3% of total explained variance), c differences between aquatic and terrestrial species (RDA, axis 1 = 63.9% of total explained variance), d, e species response curves for taxa with more than 60 individuals for d aquatic species (RDA, axis 1 = 40.0%, axis 2 = 17.2% of total explained variance), and e terrestrial species (RDA, axis 1 = 42.8%, axis 2 = 22.4% of total explained variance). Degrees of freedom (see “Methods” for details): HarnCurt = 4, MicrTenr = 3, ParkBath = 5, ProcChor = 5, PsecLimb = 5, TanyVolg = 3, BryoIlli = 3, HydrOxon = 3, SmitSpp = 5. See Additional file 3: Table S5 for species abbreviations