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Table 4 Selection differentials and gradients for life-history traits of 5th generation Sitobion avenae clones under water-stress

From: Life-history responses of insects to water-deficit stress: a case study with the aphid Sitobion avenae

Traits

Moist area clones under WW

Semiarid area clones under IS

Arid area clones under SS

Differential

Gradient

Differential

Gradient

Differential

Gradient

DT1

− 0.1153

− 0.0767

0.2413*

0.0492

− 0.1183

− 0.1634*

DT2

− 0.0476

− 0.1061

− 0.0674

− 0.3119***

0.1604

0.1133

DT3

− 0.0215

− 0.0654

− 0.2610*

− 0.2764**

− 0.0233

0.1138

DT4

− 0.1534

− 0.1620

0.0539

− 0.1801*

− 0.0702

0.0271

DT5

− 0.2048*

− 0.1462

− 0.0430

− 0.2228**

− 0.0272

0.0459

Weight

0.4737***

0.4548***

0.6801***

0.7346***

0.6839***

0.6888***

  1. DT1–DT4 the developmental time of 1st to 4th instar nymphs, DT5 the total developmental time of nymphs, WW well-watered treatment, IS intermediate water stress, SS severe water stress; *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001