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Table 2 Linear mixed model to test the influence of elevation, migratory status (elevational migrant versus resident) and season (breeding versus non-breeding; nonbr) as fixed effects on avian haemosporidian intensity after controlling for host taxonomy

From: Do avian blood parasites influence hypoxia physiology in a high elevation environment?

 

β

SE

df

t value

P

Total infection intensity (n = 257, 18 species)

 (Intercept)

2.60

0.21

28.15

12.15

0.0001

 Elevation_medium

− 0.44

0.29

242.65

− 1.48

0.14

 Elevation_high

− 0.76

0.26

205.26

− 2.89

0.001

 Season (non-breeding)

0.12

0.19

237.21

0.62

0.53

 Status (resident)

− 0.45

0.24

12.95

− 1.84

0.08

 elev_med:season_nonbr

0.78

0.33

247.76

2.37

0.01

 elev_high:season_nonbr

1.00

1.09

243.56

0.91

0.35

 elev_med:status_resident

0.34

0.38

214.28

0.90

0.36

 elev_high:status_resident

0.39

0.44

243.43

0.88

0.37

Leucocytozoon intensity (n = 229, 17 species)

 (Intercept)

2.57

0.24

22.35

10.49

0.0001

 Elevation_medium

− 0.44

0.31

219.63

− 1.40

0.16

 Elevation_high

− 0.79

0.28

197.27

− 2.77

0.001

 Season (non-breeding)

0.10

0.20

217.56

0.50

0.61

 Status (resident)

− 0.39

0.29

11.27

− 1.34

0.20

 elev_med:season_nonbr

0.76

0.35

219.76

2.18

0.01

 elev_high:season_nonbr

1.03

1.09

212.50

0.94

0.34

 elev_med:status_resident

0.11

0.41

204.50

0.27

0.78

 elev_high:status_resident

0.11

0.50

218.69

0.22

0.82

Haemoproteus intensity (n = 59, 9 species)

 (Intercept)

1.82

0.53

22.48

3.42

0.001

 Season (non-breeding)

0.21

0.32

53.37

0.66

0.50

 Status (resident)

− 0.93

0.76

14.68

− 1.22

0.23

 Elevation_medium

0.63

0.33

55.36

1.88

0.06

 Elevation_high

− 0.06

0.42

53.15

− 0.15

0.87

Plasmodium intensity (n = 18, 9 species)

 (Intercept)

2.50

0.68

5.80

3.68

0.01

 Season (non-breeding)

0.38

0.51

12.98

0.75

0.46

 Status (resident)

− 0.78

0.80

6.20

− 0.97

0.36

 Elevation_medium

1.11

1.25

10.30

0.88

0.39

 Elevation_high

− 1.00

0.96

5.80

− 1.03

0.34

Mixed infection intensity (n = 42, 8 species)

 (Intercept)

3.07

0.37

37

8.14

0.0001

 Season (non-breeding)

0.42

0.39

37

1.07

0.28

 Status (resident)

− 1.00

0.57

37

− 1.74

0.08

 Elevation_medium

0.43

0.37

37

1.16

0.25

 Elevation_high

− 0.21

0.55

37

− 0.39

0.69

  1. Significant values are in italics