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Table 3 Univariate ANOVA results for MANOVA tests with P < 0.10

From: Diet segregation in American bison (Bison bison) of Yellowstone National Park (Wyoming, USA)

Model ID

x

y

Mean values

df

SS

F

P

Female

Male

1

Sex

δ13Cfeces

−28.61

−28.36

1,57

0.904

17.570

<0.001*

% Nfeces

2.20

2.04

1,57

0.357

5.292

0.025*

2

Sex

δ13Ccollagen

−21.96

−21.82

1,38

0.171

1.536

0.223

δ15Ncollagen

3.94

4.46

1,38

2.583

4.905

0.033*

3.1

Sex, CR

δ13Cfeces

−28.76

−28.38

1,27

1.056

18.670

<0.001*

%Nfeces

2.46

2.14

1,27

0.713

20.410

<0.001*

4.2

Sex, NR

δ13Ccollagen

−21.88

−21.40

1,13

0.691

11.550

0.005*

δ15Ncollagen

3.66

3.82

1,13

0.076

0.228

0.641

  1. Significant difference in δ13C values between males and females indicates different dietary sources during each respective time period. Higher %Nfeces indicates higher quality diets during the mating season, whereas lower δ15Ncollagen indicates higher quality diet during the multi-year time period. Stable isotope values are reported to the nearest 0.01‰, and %Nfeces is reported to the nearest 0.01%. Columns labeled “x” and “y” denote the independent and dependent variables, respectively, for each model