Evidence of indirect symbiont conferred protection against the predatory lady beetle Harmonia axyridis in the pea aphid

Table 1 Summary of results of statistical models

Dependent variable	Name of statistical test	Statistic	Whole model	Symbiont	Weight at larval day 8	Symbiont × weight interaction
Overall survival from hatching to adult emergence	Generalized linear model (binomial distribution)	Likelihood ratio χ ²	28.10**	24.39***	5.50*	7.62
Larval survival	Cox’s proportional hazards model	Likelihood ratio χ ²	13.36	8.80*	1.16	5.55
Pupal survival	Generalized linear model (binomial distribution)	Likelihood ratio χ ²	7.68	7.67*	0.11	0.50^a
Larval development time	General linear model (least square)	F_4,221	26.85***	12.32***	67.60***	0.99^a
Pupal development time	General linear model (least square)	F_4,212	1.70	1.20	2.81	1.18^a
Female adult weight at emergence	General linear model (least square)	F_4,77	3.81**	4.95**	0.12	3.76^a
Male adult weight at emergence	General linear model (least square)	F_7,87	4.35**	2.15	0.20	7.57***

Significant results for statistical analyses are indicated by asterisks
* 0.05 < p < 0.01, ** 0.009 < p < 0.00011, *** p < 0.0001
^aBased on resulting AICc scores, non-significant interaction terms were removed from the final model when the Δ AICc >2. The results of the final model are reported for the other terms

ISSN: 1472-6785