Adaptation to new nutritional environments: larval performance, foraging decisions, and adult oviposition choices in Drosophila suzukii

Table 1 The linear and quadratic effects of carbohydrate (C) and protein (P), and their cross product, in the larval diet on five life history traits: survival, developmental time, female and male adult mass and ovariole number in Drosophila suzukii and Drosophila biarmipes

Trait	C	p	C²	p²	C × p	R²
D. suzukii
Survival
β	−0.002	0.107	<−0.001	<−0.001	<−0.001	–
t value	−0.315	11.287***	−1.401	−10.979***	−0.26	–
Dev. time
β	0.095	−2.122	<−0.001	0.009	0.001	0.54
t value	0.816	−11.77***	−0.341	9.833***	1.074	0.54
Female mass
β	0.003	0.019	<−0.001	<−0.001	<−0.001	0.36
t value	1.983	8.58***	−1.365	−7.377***	−1.355	0.36
Male mass
β	0.001	0.013	<−0.001	<−0.001	<−0.001	0.41
t value	1.284	8.19***	−1.262	−7.288***	−0.457	0.41
Ovariole no.
β	0.016	0.107	<−0.001	<−0.001	<−0.001	0.09
t value	1.172	5.017***	−0.718	−3.84***	−1.61	0.09
D. biarmipes
Survival
β	−0.004	0.126	<−0.001	<−0.001	<−0.001	–
t value	−1.051	13.236***	−1.24	−12.438***	−0.074	–
Dev. time
β	0.184	−3.617	<0.001	0.016	<−0.001	0.74
t value	1.26	−14.58***	1.669	12.09***	−0.581	0.74
Female mass
β	0.001	0.117	<−0.001	<−0.001	<−0.001	0.66
t value	1.9	13.273***	−1.756	−9.049***	−2.512*	0.66
Male mass
β	0.001	0.007	<−0.001	<−0.001	<−0.001	0.54
t value	2.491*	8.972***	−2.801**	−5.977***	−0.707	0.54
Ovariole no.
β	−0.002	0.186	<−0.001	<−0.001	< 0.001	0.43
t value	−0.188	10.849***	−1.52	−9.486***	0.498	0.43

For all traits with exception of survival, the models were linear mixed-effects models fit by maximum likelihood. Survival data was analysed with a generalized linear model, assuming a quasi-binomial distribution of survival probabilities and a logit link. Significant coefficients are in italics
* p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001

ISSN: 1472-6785