Fig. 2
Courtship tactics. a Female schools: a school of small female squaretail groupers approaches the slope at the aggregation site. b Pair-courtship: a male squaretail grouper courts a female in its territory. This is a typical pair-courtship behaviour observed in P. areolatus. c School-courtship: two large territorial male squaretail groupers (encircled) making a foray into a female school >4 m above the benthos on the slope. d School-spawning: a novel school-spawning incident (encircled) observed between one large territorial male and a group of female squaretail groupers within a female school in the water column above the slope. This incident was captured on new moon eve, February 2013