A century of morphological variation in Cyprinidae fishes

Jacquemin, Stephen J.; Pyron, Mark

doi:10.1186/s12898-016-0104-x

BMC Ecology

Table 4 Results from MANCOVA models assessing relationships between morphological variables and body size, hydrology, sex, year, and interactions for five species

From: A century of morphological variation in Cyprinidae fishes

Species	Site	Effect	Variance explained	F	d.f.	P
Striped Shiner	Sangamon River	Body size	0.63	24.1	8, 113	<0.001
Luxilus chrysocephalus	(1901–2001)	Discharge mean	0.24	4.6	8, 113	<0.001
		Discharge CV	0.29	5.9	8, 113	<0.001
		Sex	0.11	1.6	8, 113	0.14
		Year	0.49	13.7	8, 113	<0.001
		Body size * discharge mean	0.16	2.7	8, 113	0.01
		Body size * discharge CV	0.15	2.4	8, 113	0.02
		Discharge mean * year	0.22	3.9	8, 113	<0.001
		Discharge CV * year	0.35	7.7	8, 113	<0.001
		Sex * year	0.27	5.4	8, 113	<0.001
Redfin Shiner	Little Vermillion River	Body size	0.18	2.3	7, 73	0.04
Lythrurus umbratilis	(1899–2002)	Discharge mean	0.14	1.7	7, 73	0.11
		Discharge CV	0.08	0.85	7, 73	0.55
		Sex	0.28	3.9	7, 73	<0.001
		Year	0.21	2.8	7, 73	0.01
		Body size * discharge mean	0.23	3.1	7, 73	<0.001
		Discharge mean * year	0.26	3.6	7, 73	<0.001
Emerald Shiner	Illinois River	Body size	0.35	4.3	8, 71	<0.001
Notropis atherinoides	(1897–2003)	Discharge mean	0.23	2.7	8, 71	0.02
		Discharge CV	0.69	19.5	8, 71	<0.001
		Sex	0.32	4.2	8, 71	<0.001
		Year	*	*	*	*
	Lake Michigan	Body size	0.51	14.8	6, 85	<0.001
	(1900–1999)	Sex	0.27	5.3	6, 85	<0.001
		Year	0.41	9.2	6, 85	<0.001
		Body size * sex	0.19	3.2	6, 85	<0.01
		Sex * year	0.17	2.9	6, 85	<0.01
Sand Shiner	Sangamon River	Body size	0.39	8.6	8, 108	<0.001
Notropis stramineus	(1901–2005)	Discharge mean	0.41	9.3	8, 108	< 0.001
		Discharge CV	0.42	9.7	8, 108	<0.001
		Sex	0.24	4.2	8, 108	<0.001
		Year	0.11	1.6	8, 108	0.14
	Mackinaw River	Body size	0.3	3.5	8, 64	<0.001
	(1901–2000)	Discharge mean	0.19	1.9	8, 64	0.05
		Discharge CV	0.08	0.69	8, 64	0.71
		Sex	0.11	0.95	8, 64	0.48
		Year	*	*	*	*
Bluntnose Minnow	Salt Creek	Body size	0.61	11.1	7, 49	<0.001
Pimephales notatus	(1900–2003)	Discharge mean	0.24	2.2	7, 49	0.05
		Discharge CV	0.06	0.4	7, 49	0.87
		Sex	0.42	5.1	7, 49	<0.001
		Year	0.16	1.3	7, 49	0.26
		Body size * sex	0.38	4.4	7, 49	<0.001
	Lake Michigan	Body size	0.64	17.5	7, 68	<0.001
	(1900–1998)	Sex	0.31	4.4	7, 68	<0.001
		Year	0.18	2.1	7, 68	0.05

See Figs. 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 for visualizations of shape changes

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