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Figure 3 | BMC Ecology

Figure 3

From: Sterile males in a parasitoid wasp with complementary sex determination: from fitness costs to population extinction

Figure 3

Population dynamics of hymenopterans with diploid males. Effect of diploid male mating success, relative to that of haploid males, on the population sex ratio (proportion of males), population growth rate and extinction probability. Two alternative scenarios were investigated: females mating with diploid males produce inviable triploid offspring (open circles, dotted lines) or are pseudovirgins (closed circles and solid lines). Simulations were run with randomly drawn values for the parameters environment carrying capacity (K) and female net reproductive output (NRO, the expected number of offspring produced per female), with 50 ≤ K ≤ 500 and 2 ≤ NRO ≤ 10. Means and standard errors, estimated on 100 replicates, are displayed for population sex ratio (A) and population growth (B). The probability of population extinction (C) was estimated from 1000 replicates.

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