Plant genetic variation mediates an indirect ecological effect between belowground earthworms and aboveground aphids

Table 1 Effects on aphid growth rate, for all aphids combined and each separate species

Response variable:	All aphids			A. fabae			A. pisum
Aphid density	df	F	P	df	F	P	df	F	P
Block	3,249	11.85	<0.001	3,170	4.05	0.008	3,167	10.53	<0.001
Plant biomass	-	-	-	-	-	-	1,167	9.97	0.002
Plant variety	3,249	1.87	0.136	3,170	1.07	0.362	-	-	-
Aphid treatment	2,249	32.42	<0.001	-	-	-	-	-	-
Worm treatment	1,249	3.98	0.047	3,170	7.22	0.008	-	-	-
Plant variety x worm	3,249	3.42	0.018	3,170	4.51	0.005	-	-	-

Notes: `-`shows where a term was not retained in the minimal adequate model. Models used were linear models in R. All interactions between plant, aphid, and worm treatment were tested. Aphid treatment for combined shows the difference between the species and when each species is analysed separately it shows the effect of competition from being reared together with the other aphid.

ISSN: 1472-6785