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Table 2 Covariance analyses of the effects of predation and fragmentation on the variables direct (1+b1) and delayed (b2) density dependence, and density (ln(N)).

From: Predation and fragmentation portrayed in the statistical structure of prey time series

Variable

d.f.

SS

MS

F

P

1+b1

     

Predator level

3

5.06

1.69

34.90

<0.0001

Fragmentation level

1

10.55

10.55

218.39

<0.0001

Interaction

3

2.77

0.92

19.10

<0.0001

Residuals

152

7.34

0.05

  

b 2

     

Predator level

3

11.46

3.82

264.22

<0.0001

Fragmentation level

1

13.45

13.45

930.18

<0.0001

Interaction

3

4.59

1.53

105.77

<0.0001

Residuals

152

2.20

0.01

  

ln(N)

     

Predator level

3

18.13

6.04

60.76

<0.0001

Fragmentation level

1

0.08

0.08

0.84

0.36

Interaction

3

2.62

0.87

8.79

<0.0001

Residuals

152

15.12

0.10

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