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Table 1 Narwhal orientation results monitored by Crittercam

From: Upside-down swimming behaviour of free-ranging narwhals

     

Orientation category, % of total time

 

Orientation category, % of time within each orientation category

 

Narwhal #

Sex

Length (cm)

Recording duration (min)

Vertical stratum

Normal

Unknown

Upside-down

Total

Normal

Unknown

Upside-down

Total

3960

F

416

98

Surface

25.9

1.2

0.0

27.1

95.6

4.4

0.0

100.0

    

Pelagic

-

69.4

-

69.4

-

100.0

-

100.0

    

Bottom

0.2

0.0

3.3

3.5

5.7

0.0

94.3

100.0

    

Total

26.1

70.6

3.3

100.0

26.1

70.6

3.3

100.0

7931

M

349

114

Surface

34.8

0.0

0.0

34.8

100.0

0.0

0.0

100.0

    

Pelagic

-

51.9

-

51.9

-

100.0

-

100.0

    

Bottom

4.7

0.0

8.5

13.2

35.6

0.0

64.4

100.0

    

Total

39.5

51.9

8.5

100.0

39.5

51.9

8.5

100.0

3964

F

380

40

Surface

17.2

0.0

0.0

17.2

100.0

0.0

0.0

100.0

    

Pelagic

0.5

61.4

-

62.0

0.8

99.2

-

100.0

    

Bottom

8.1

0.0

12.7

20.8

38.9

0.0

61.1

100.0

    

Total

25.8

61.4

12.7

100.0

25.8

61.4

12.7

100.0

37233

M

415

34

Surface

42.3

0.0

0.0

42.3

100.0

0.0

0.0

100.0

    

Pelagic

0.0

48.9

0.0

48.9

0.0

100.0

0.0

100.0

    

Bottom

0.0

0.0

8.8

8.8

0.0

0.0

100.0

100.0

    

Total

42.3

48.9

8.8

100.0

42.2

48.8

8.7

100.0

Average

  

286

Surface

30.1

0.3

0.0

30.4

98.9

1.1

0.0

100.0

    

Pelagic

0.3

57.9

0.0

58.1

0.4

99.8

0.0

100.0

    

Bottom

3.3

0.0

8.3

11.6

20.1

0.0

79.9

100.0

    

Total

33.4

58.2

8.3

100.0

33.4

58.2

8.3

100.0

  1. Percentage time spent in different orientation categories at different depths based on Crittercam data from four narwhals in Admiralty Inlet in 2003 and 2004.