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Table 1 Population and family differentiation by principal components and discriminant analyses

From: The odor of origin: kinship and geographical distance are reflected in the marking pheromone of male beewolves (Philanthus triangulum F., Hymenoptera, Crabronidae)

      

PCA

Discriminant analysis

Scale

(Sub)Population(s)

Data set

Families

Type

n

Fact.

Expl.Var.(%)

Funct.

Wilk's-λ

χ2

df

p

Corr.class.(%)

Regional

W. S. D. I. E

2

-

both

133

7

84.07

4

0.531

79.65

28

0.000

52.6

Regional

W. S. D. I. E

2

-

C25

107

7

83.79

4

0.485

72.40

28

0.000

56.1

Local

WB. WC. V. R

1

-

both

191

6

80.58

3

0.604

93.30

18

0.000

45.0

Local

WB. WC. V. R

1

-

C25

175

6

80.41

3

0.611

83.14

18

0.000

49.7

Family

WB

1

4

both

45

7

84.87

3

0.292

47.43

21

0.001

60.0

Family

WB

1

4

C25

44

7

86.09

3

0.240

53.44

21

0.000

75.0

Family

WC

1

7

C25

74

5

79.76

5

0.097

156.25

30

0.000

58.1

Family

W

2

4

C25

36

6

84.62

3

0.206

47.44

18

0.000

66.7

Family

V

1

3

both

28

4

81.03

2

0.557

13.73

8

0.089

60.7

Family

V

1

3

C25

24

4

77.46

2

0.614

9.51

8

0.301

62.5

Family

S

1

3

both

28

4

81.07

2

0.116

50.62

8

0.000

89.3

Family

S

2

3

both

20

3

66.36

2

0.358

16.45

6

0.012

60.0

  1. "Type" indicates, whether only the C25-type or both C25- and C25/C27-type were included in the analysis. For PCAs, the number of factors as well as the cumulative explained variance is given. For DAs, the number of functions, Wilk's-λ, χ2, degrees of freedom, p-value, and the percentage of correct classifications by DA are given. (Population abbreviations: W: Würzburg, Germany; WB: Würzburg, Biocenter, Germany; WC: Würzburg, City, Germany; V: Veitshöchheim, Germany; R: Retzbach, Germany; D: Düsseldorf, Germany; I: Vizzola Ticino, Italy; E: Puttenham, UK).