Figure 3

A domain of attraction in the adaptive behavior model without individual variation. The initial densities of the resource, IGprey and IGpredator are ( R^*, N^*Q _N , P^*Q _P ) where R^*, N^*, P^* are the equilibrium densities of the resource, IGprey and IGpredator, respectively. Q _N and Q _P represent perturbation to the equilibrium densities of the IGprey and IGpredator such that Q _N  = Q _P  = 1 represents no perturbation. There are three outcomes. The community returns to the equilibrium (stable). The community does not return to the equilibrium but exhibit cycles and persist (cycle). The community does not persist (i.e., an exclusion will occur). K = 30, e _RP  = 0.15, e _NP  = 0.25.