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Table 3 Descriptive statistics for the eight groups of South American equids that were compared.

From: Ancient feeding ecology inferred from stable isotopic evidence from fossil horses in South America over the past 3 Ma

Groups

n

Mean δ13C

SD

Range

n

Mean δ18O

SD

Range

  

(‰)PDB

(‰)

(‰)

 

(‰)V-SMOW

(‰)

(‰)

A

31

-10.1

1.39

-12.9 to -6.6

26

28.3

2.20

24.2 to 31.5

B

68

-5.2

4.83

-11.66 to 9.21

68

28.5

3.32

21.7 to 34.9

C

17

-10.2

1.39

-12.22 to -8.08

17

29.0

2.17

24.2 to 31.5

D

14

-10.0

1.44

-12.9 to -6.6

9

27.0

1.74

25.3 to 29.8

E

52

-5.5

5.43

-11.66 to 9.21

50

29.4

3.17

21.7 to 34.9

F

16

-4.3

1.61

-8.31 to -2.3

16

25.3

1.28

23.5 to 28.3

G

43

-5.3

5.93

-11.66 to 9.21

41

30.7

1.48

27 to 34.9

H

25

-5.1

1.85

-9.86 to -2.3

25

24.6

1.51

21.7 to 28.3

I

12

-9.8

1.34

-12.22 to -6.6

8

25.8

1.30

25.8 to28.7

J

19

-10.3

1.42

-8.08 to -12.90

17

29.7

1.00

29.7 to 31.5

  1. A: all Hippidion specimens; B: all Equus (Amerhippus) specimens; C: Hippidion from the Late Pleistocene; D: Hippidion from the Late Pliocene to Early Pleistocene; E: Equus (Amerhippus) from the Late Pleistocene; F: Equus (Amerhippus) from the Middle Pleistocene; G: Equus (Amerhippus) from the plains landscape; H: Equus (Amerhippus) from the mountain corridor; I: Hippidion from the plains landscape and J: Hippidion from the mountain corridor. n: number of samples. SD: standard deviation.