From: Richness of Colchic vegetation: comparison between refugia of south-western and East Asia
Community | Principal or typical species |
---|---|
Alpine desert, or sub-nival open vegetation | Primula bayernii, Cerastium undulatifolium |
Alpine grasslands | Geranium gymnocaulon, Festuca djimilensis, Carex pontica, C. tristis, Agrostis lazica, Festuca supina, Geum speciosum |
Alpine carpets | Sibbaldia semiglabra, Ranunculus brachylobus, Campanula tridentata, Gentiana pontica |
Dekiani (alpine scrub) | Rhododendron caucasicum |
Sub-alpine forest and krummholz | Fagus orientalis, Acer trautvetteri, Betula litwinowii, B. megrelica, B. medwedewii, Quercus pontica |
Sub-alpine scrub | Rhododendron caucasicum, Rh. ponticum, Rh. ungernii, Laurocerasus officinalis, Rhamnus imeretina, Corylis colchica |
Altherbosa | Heracleum aconitiifolium, H. ponticum, Ligustrum alatum, Milium schmidtianum |
Sub-alpine grasslands | Poa iberica, Calamagrostis arundinacea, Agrostis planifolia, Geranium platypetalum |
Nemoral coniferous and mixed forests | Abies nordmanniana, Picea orientalis, Fagus orientalis |
Pine forest with birch krummholz | Pinus kochiana, Betula litwinowii |
Colchis coniferous and mixed forests (with evergreen understorey) | Abies nordmanniana, Picea orientalis, Fagus orientalis with Rhododendron ponticum, Laurocerasus officinalis, Ilex colchica |
Colchic beech forests (with evergreen understorey) | Fagus orientalis with Rhododendron ponticum, Rh. luteum, Laurocerasus officinalis, Ilex colchica, Vaccinium arctostaphylos |
Colchis broad leaved with forests (with the evergreen understorey) | Castanea sativa, Fagus orientalis, Quercus iberica with Rhododendron ponticum, Rh. luteum, Laurocerasus officinalis, Ilex colchica, Vaccinium arctostaphylos |
Lowland Colchic forests (with evergreen understorey) | Quercus imeretina, Q. hartwissiana, Zelkova carpinifolia, Carpinus caucasica, Castanea sativa, Fagus orientalis with Rhododendron ponticum, Rh. luteum, Laurocerasus officinalis, Ilex colchica, Vaccinium arctostaphylos |
Wetland and peat bog alder forests | AInus barbata |
Relic pine (mixed) forests | Pinus pithyusa, Carpinus orientalis, Cistus ponticus |
Mixed oak and pine forests | Quercus dshorochensis, Pinus kochiana |