Figure 1

Average (+/- 1 s.e.) effects of scale and leaf litter on growth and development of Culex pipiens. a. Female biomass. b. Male biomass. c. Time for female larvae to become adults. d. Time for male larvae to become adults. Dark bars are low leaf litter, and light bars are high leaf litter treatments. For each graph, bars with the same letter above them are not significantly different. For female biomass, the letters refer to comparisons of the scale main effect, since there was no statistical interaction, and for all others, the letters refer to the leaf litter by scale interaction. The relative sizes of the scale treatments are shown pictorially at the lower right.