Figure 3From: Spawning salmon disrupt trophic coupling between wolves and ungulate prey in coastal British ColumbiaRelationship between consumption of deer and salmon by wolves during autumn. Occurrence per item (O/I) of deer (Odocoileus hemionus) and salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) in wolf (Canis lupus) faeces collected during fall 2001 (n = 4 groups), 2002 (n = 8), and 2003 (n = 8) in coastal British Columbia. O/I measures the frequency of occurrence of an item among total items identified in a group's faeces during a given period (in this case, fall).Back to article page