Causes and consequences of fine-scale population structure in a critically endangered freshwater seal

BMC Ecology

Table 1 Measures of genetic diversity in spatial and temporal samples of the Saimaa ringed seal population based upon analyses of 17 microsatellite loci

Sample	N	N _P	N_A ± SD	A _R	H_O ± SD	H_E ± SD	F _IS
Lake Saimaa	172	17	3.47 ± 3.32	–	0.33 ± 0.21	0.36 ± 0.22	0.075***
Northern Saimaa	15	14	2.29 ± 1.16	2.27	0.34 ± 0.27	0.33 ± 0.24	-0.004
Haukivesi area	99	15	3.24 ± 3.15	2.70	0.35 ± 0.23	0.38 ± 0.23	0.074***
Kolovesi	20	13	2.41 ± 1.66	2.32	0.37 ± 0.31	0.36 ± 0.28	-0.031
Main Haukivesi area	79	15	3.18 ± 2.92	2.63	0.34 ± 0.23	0.35 ± 0.24	0.024
Pihlajavesi area	43	15	2.59 ± 1.42	2.26	0.31 ± 0.25	0.30 ± 0.23	-0.034
Southern Saimaa	15	14	2.47 ± 1.42	2.45	0.31 ± 0.24	0.30 ± 0.22	-0.045
yod 1980s	59	17	3.29 ± 2.62	3.21	0.35 ± 0.23	0.37 ± 0.23	0.054*
yod 1990s	48	17	3.29 ± 2.85	3.29	0.34 ± 0.22	0.37 ± 0.23	0.077*
yod 2000s	65	17	3.06 ± 2.38	2.96	0.32 ± 0.20	0.35 ± 0.22	0.092***
yob 1965-1979	14	16	2.94 ± 1.75	2.94	0.38 ± 0.25	0.38 ± 0.23	-0.019
yob 1980s	54	17	3.06 ± 2.38	2.71	0.34 ± 0.23	0.37 ± 0.23	0.075**
yob 1990s	47	17	3.29 ± 2.85	2.69	0.33 ± 0.22	0.36 ± 0.23	0.073*
yob 2000s	54	17	3.06 ± 2.38	2.58	0.32 ± 0.19	0.35 ± 0.22	0.100**

N_P, number of polymorphic loci; N_A, average number of alleles per locus; A_R, allelic richness; H_O, observed heterozygosity; H_E, expected heterozygosity; F_IS, inbreeding coefficient; yod, year of death; yob, year of birth. Statistically significant F_IS values are marked with asterisks: ***P < 0.001; **P < 0.01; *P < 0.05.
Regional estimates are shown both for the initial four-region division, and for the updated five-region scheme in which Haukivesi is split into the Kolovesi and Main Haukivesi areas (in italics).

ISSN: 1472-6785