Super-races are not likely to dominate a fungal population within a life time of a perennial crop plantation of cultivar mixtures: a simulation study

Table 1 Percentage (%) variation of the length of time to fixation, total number of virulence alleles at the fixation time, and percentage of replicate runs at the fixation with virulence against one host only explained by the main effects of and pairwise interactions between the five simulation factors (high-order interactions accounted for very little variability among simulation runs)

Simulation variables	Total number of alleles (V_T)	Time to Fixation (T_F)	% runs with virulence against one host only (B_V)
Initial disease (Y_I)^a	0.4	1.4	0.2
Sexual primary inocula (P_C)^b	1.8	12.6	0.8
Between-cultivar mating (P_B)^c	0.8	6.4	2.6
Recombination (r)^d	2.2	1.2	< 0.1
Cost of virulence (V_C)^e	36.6	10.1	77.6
P_B x Y_I	< 0.1	< 0.1	0.1
P_B x P_C	0.4	0.2	0.2
Y_I x P_C	0.2	0.5	< 0.1
P_B x r	< 0.1	< 0.1	0.3
Y_I x r	0.2	0.2	< 0.1
P_C x r	0.6	0.2	0.2
P_B x V_C	1.9	3.5	12.1
Y_I x V_C	0.4	0.5	0.2
P_C x V_C	0.9	2.9	1.6
r x V_C	0.8	0.5	1.4
Residual	52.8	60	2.6

^a: number of initial diseased units at the beginning of each season (96 or 192).
^b: proportion of initial infected units (primary inocula) derived from sexual propagules (10, 30, 50, 70 and 100%).
^c: probability of sexual propagules derived from mating between diseased units on two different hosts relative to the mating between diseased units on the same cultivar (0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7 and 1).
^d: recombination coefficients among the six virulence alleles (0.05, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.5), which were linearly located on a chromosome with three of them against the same host cultivar on the same end.
^e: cost of virulence for each additional virulence allele against the non-host cultivar (0.0, 0.05 and 0.1).

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