Spatial structure and nest demography reveal the influence of competition, parasitism and habitat quality on slavemaking ants and their hosts

Table 1 Factors affecting host demography and life-history.

	Plot	NND	NSMD	Nest Diam.	Inter. (NND × NSMD)
Bavaria	Slavemker: H. sublaevis		Hosts: L. acervorum, L. muscorum
Workers	F_16,244 = 1.41 P = 0.139	F_1,244 = 3.89 P = 0.050 (+)	-	F_1,244 = 9.39 P = 0.002 (+)	-
Queens	F_16,255 = 3.43 P < 0.001	-	-	-	-
Total Prod.	F_16,252 = 1.09 P = 0.363	F_1,252 = 7.15 P = 0.008 (+)	-	F_1,252 = 17.77 P < 0.001 (+)	-
Product.	F_16,245 = 1.62 P = 0.065	^† F_1,245 = 2.92 P = 0.089 (+)	-	-	-
Queen Prod.	F_16,253 = 2.74 P < 0.001	-	-	^§ F_1,253 = 5.18 P = 0.024 (+)	-
Male Prod.	F_16,253 = 2.25 P = 0.005	-	-	F_1,253 = 7.48 P = 0.007 (+)	-
NY	Slavemaker: P. americanus		Host: T. longispinosus
Workers	F_14,295 = 2.32 P = 0.005	-	-	^¥ F_1,295 = 5.17 P = 0.024 (+)	-
Queens	F_14,299 = 2.17 P = 0.009	-	-	-	-
Larvae	F_14,296 = 2.01 P = 0.017	-	-	-	-
Product.	F_14,275 = 5.79 P < 0.001	F_1,275 = 6.27 P = 0.013 (-)	F_1,275 = 5.96 P = 0.015 (-)	-	F_1,275 = 6.38 P = 0.012
WV	Slavemaker: P. americanus		Host: T. longispinosus
Workers	F_12,212 = 2.33 P = 0.008	-	-	^£ F_1,212 = 3.08 P = 0.081 (+)	-
Queens	F_12,216 = 0.63 P = 0.818	^‡ F_1,216 = 3.90 P = 0.050 (+)	-	-	-
Larvae	F_12,210 = 2.39 P = 0.007	-	-	F_1,210 = 10.32 P = 0.002 (+)	-
Product.	F_12,210 = 1.70 P = 0.068	-	-	F_1,210 = 6.12 P = 0.014 (+)	-

The best model was selected using model selection procedure (AICc). NND stands for nearest neighbor distance, NSMD for nearest slavemaker distance, Prod. for production, and Product. for (per-capita) productivity. Three-way interactions and species as well as the species identity of the nearest neighbor (the latter two relevant only to the Bavarian dataset) were never included. The only two-way interaction included is NND × NSMD. (+) and (-) indicate a positive or negative correlation respectively.
^† The best model did not include NND, but the second best, which had a close AICc value (difference of 0.71), included it.
^‡ The best model included NND, but the second best, which had a close AICc value (difference of 0.69), did not.
^{§, ¥} The best model included NS, but the second best, which had a close AICc value (difference of 0.32 (§) and 0.29 (¥)), did not.
^£ The best model did not include NS, but the second best, which had a close AICc value (difference of 0.66), included it.

ISSN: 1472-6785